Aggravative influence of benzene exposure on cyclophosphamide-induced hepatic and myeloid oxidative toxicity in murine model
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Olaniyi Solomon Ola 1 * , Ogunwole Iyanuoluwa Aderonke 2, Toluwanimi David Ajetunmobi 2
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1 Abiola Ajimobi Technical University, Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Ibadan, Oyo State, NIGERIA2 Ajayi Crowther University, Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Oyo, Oyo State, NIGERIA* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is a potent alkylating chemotherapy with broad clinical utility in cancer treatment. Benzene (BZ) is a ubiquitous solvent which poses threat to human health as it causes hematological disorder and liver damage. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of BZ co-exposure on rats undergoing CYP treatment with special consideration to some biomarkers associated with liver and blood tissue. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) and were orally treated with CYP or exposed intranasally to BZ individually or in combination for 28 days. The results revealed that exposure to either BZ or CYP caused significant increase in the plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin content related to control group. Significant decreases in hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione concentrations were also observed. Similarly, exposure to either the compound affected the biomolecules by causing the significant increase in the plasma Advanced oxidized protein products and hepatic malondialdehyde concentration. The exposure to either BZ or CYP also caused an alteration in hematological parameters and significantly increased the pro-inflammatory markers: myeloperoxidase enzyme, NF-κB and TNF-α relative to control. The combined exposure to BZ and CYP demonstrated the enhanced toxic effect inferred from the examined biomarkers when compared with their individual treatments. In conclusion, this study therefore proves the enhanced toxicity of CYP chemotherapy when animals are co-exposed to BZ in the environment. It may therefore be recommended that individuals undergoing CYP treatment should avoid exposure to BZ to guide against the enhanced side effect of this anticancer drug.

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Research Article

J CLIN EXP INVEST, Volume 17, Issue 3, September 2026, Article No: em00860

https://doi.org/10.29333/jcei/18736

Publication date: 09 Jun 2026

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